Rain Effect - Adding Rain To A Photo

Step 1: Duplicate The Background Layer

The first thing we need to do for this effect is duplicate our Background layer.
With our image open in Photoshop, we can see in the Layers palette
that we currently have one layer, which is named Background.
This layer contains our original image:

Photoshop Rain Effect: The Layers palette in Photoshop
showing us the original image on the Background layer.

We need to create a copy of this layer, so let's use the quick keyboard
shortcut, Ctrl+J (Win) / Command+J (Mac). Nothing will seem to
have happened in the document window, but if we look again in our
Layers palette, we can see that we now have two layers - the original
Background layer on the bottom, and a copy of it, which Photoshop
has named "Layer 1", above it:

Photoshop Rain Effect: Duplicate the Background layer
by pressing "Ctrl+J" (Win) / "Command+J" (Mac).

Step 2: Add Some Extra Canvas Space Around The Image

The next thing we're going to do is add some extra canvas space
around the image. The reason is because we're going to be using the
"Motion Blur" filter on the image, and the Motion Blur filter tends to
run into problems when dealing with edges, so we're going to make
things easier on it by giving it a little more space around the edges
to work with. You'll see what I mean later on, but for now, let's
add some extra canvas space. Before we do that though, let's
reset our Foreground and Background colors in Photoshop by
pressing D on the keyboard. This sets black as the Foreground
color and white as the Background color. We can see this in the
color swatches near the bottom of the Tools palette:

Photoshop Rain Effect: Reset the Foreground and Background colors.

Now let's add our canvas space. For that, we'll use the Crop Tool.
Select it from the Tools palette, or simply press C on your keyboard:

Photoshop Rain Effect: Select the Crop Tool.

Then, with the Crop Tool selected, click and drag a selection
around the entire image. If you're working with your image
displaying inside a document window, press F on your keyboard
to switch Photoshop to Full Screen Mode With Menu Bar,
which will make things easier. Then just click outside the top
left corner of the image and drag down below the bottom right corner.

When you release your mouse button, you'll see little square
handles all around the image. Hold down the Alt (Win) / Option (Mac)
key and drag either the left or right handle outward to add space
on both sides of the image. Holding down Alt or Option tells
Photoshop to move the handles on both sides at once, which
makes things easier for us. Add an extra inch or two on the sides.
Then do the same thing for the top and bottom. Hold down Alt/Option
and drag either the top or bottom handle to add the same amount
of space above and below the image. Don't worry about adding
too much space because we'll be cropping it away later anyway.
For now, it's better to add too much than not enough:

Photoshop Rain Effect: Drag the handles to add more canvas space around the image.

When you're done dragging out the handles, press Enter (Win) / Return (Mac),
and Photoshop will fill the extra space with our current Background color which is white:

Photoshop Rain Effect: Photoshop fills the extra space with the current Background color.

Step 3: Add A New Blank Layer

We need to add a new blank layer to our document at this point, so with the 
top layer selected in the Layers palette (you can tell which layer is selected 
by which one is highlighted in blue), click on the New Layer icon at the 
bottom of the Layers palette:

Photoshop Rain Effect: Click on the "New Layer" icon to add a new blank layer.

Photoshop adds a new blank layer for us above our other two layers. 
Again, nothing appears to have happened to the image itself, and that's 
because our new layer is currently blank, but we can see the new layer 
at the top of the Layers palette. Photoshop names it "Layer 2":

Photoshop Rain Effect: The new blank layer at the top of the Layers palette.

Step 4: Fill The New Layer With Black

We're going to fill the new layer with black. Since black is 
currently our Foreground color, we can use the easy keyboard 
shortcutAlt+Backspace (Win) / Option+Delete (Mac), which tells 
Photoshop to fill the layer with our Foreground color.

The image will now appear filled with solid black, temporarily hiding our photo from view.

Step 5: Add Noise To The Layer

Go up to the Filter menu at the top of the screen, choose Noise, 
and then choose Add Noise. This brings up Photoshop's 
"Add Noise" filter dialog box. Drag the Amount slider to the right 
to add a lot of noise to your image. There's no exact value to enter, 
just add a lot. I'm going to drag my amount to around 150%. Also, 
make sure the Monochromatic option at the bottom is checked:

Photoshop Rain Effect: Add noise to the black-filled layer.

Click OK when you're done to apply the noise to the image and 
exit out of the dialog box.

Step 6: Apply The Gaussian Blur Filter To The Noise

We need to add a small amount of blurring to the noise, 
so go back up to the Filter menu and this time choose Blur 
 and thenGaussian Blur. This brings up the "Gaussian Blur" 
filter dialog box. All we need is a slight amount of blurring, so 
enter a value of about 0.5 for the Radius value, then click OK 
to exit out of the dialog box:

Photoshop Rain Effect: Apply the Gaussian Blur filter to the noise.

Step 7: Add A Levels Adjustment Layer

Remember how I just finished telling you to add a lot of noise to 
the image? Well, now we have way too much, but we're going 
to fix that using Levels. We're going to use an adjustment layer  
though so that we can go back and change the settings in Levels 
any time we want. We also want to make sure that our Levels 
adjustment layer is only affecting the noise layer and has no 
effect on any other layers, so to do that, hold down your 
 Alt (Win) / Option key and click on the New Adjustment Layer  
icon at the bottom of the Layers palette:

Photoshop Rain Effect: Hold down "Alt" (Win) / "Option" (Mac) 
and click on the "New Adjustment Layer" icon.

Then drag your mouse up and select Levels from the list of adjustment layers:

Photoshop Rain Effect: Select "Levels" from the list.

Since we held down our Alt/Option key, Photoshop will pop up the  
New Layer dialog box before adding the adjustment layer. This is 
where we tell Photoshop that we only want this Levels adjustment 
layer to affect the layer below it, which will be the noise layer. To do 
that, click inside the checkbox to the left of where it says Use Previous
Layer to Create Clipping Mask:

Photoshop Rain Effect: Photoshop's "New Layer" dialog box.

Click OK in the top right corner to exit out of the dialog box, and Photoshop 
adds the Levels adjustment layer for us. It also brings up the Levels dialog box, 
which we'll look at next.

Step 8: Reduce The Amount Of Noise And Increase Its Contrast

We're going to use Levels to both reduce the amount of noise we have
and to boost the contrast in the noise that's left over. With the Levels 
dialog box open, you'll see a large graph in the top half. This is called 
a Histogram. We don't need to get into details about it here, but 
directly below the histogram, you'll see three sliders - a black one 
on the left, a white one on the right, and a gray one in the middle. 
Click on the black one on the left and begin dragging it towards the right.

As you do, you'll start to see some of the noise disappearing in the 
image. Then click on the white one on the right and begin dragging it 
towards the left, which will increase the contrast in the noise that's left over:

Photoshop Rain Effect: Remove noise with the black slider on the left and 
increase the contrast with the slider on the right.

Don't worry about the gray slider in the middle. It will move on its own 
as you drag the black and white ones. You can use the screenshot above 
as a guide on how far to move the black and white sliders, or simply 
experiment on your own until your image looks less like a whole bunch of 
noise and more like a starry night:

Photoshop Rain Effect: Reduce the amount of noise in the image with the black 
slider, and increase contrast in the noise with the white slider.

Click OK in the top right of the Levels dialog box when you're done to exit out of it.

Step 9: Apply The Motion Blur Filter To The Noise

All of this noise that's left over in our image is going to become our rain. It doesn't 
Iook much like rain yet, but we're going to help it out by applying the "Motion Blur" 
filter, which is going to give our rain some movement and direction. Before we can 
apply the filter to the noise though, we first need to select it in the Layers palette, 
since we currently have the Levels adjustment layer selected. Click on "Layer 2"
to select it:

Photoshop Rain Effect: Select the noise layer in the Layers palette.

Now that we have the correct layer selected, go back up to the Filter  
menu at the top of the screen, select Blur, and then selectMotion Blur, 
which brings up the "Motion Blur" dialog box. You can set the direction 
that the rain is falling by adjusting the Angleoption. I'm going to set 
my angle to about 60°. Then enter a value of about 50 pixels for the 
 Distance, although you may need to experiment a little with that value 
depending on the size of your image, but 50 pixels works well for a standard 4x6 photo:

Photoshop Rain Effect: Set the direction the rain will fall in the "Angle" 
option, then set the "Distance" to around 50 pixels.

Click OK to exit out of the dialog box.

Step 10: Re-Adjust The Black And White Sliders In Levels As Needed

Depending on how far you dragged your black and white sliders in the 
Levels dialog box earlier, your noise may have now disappeared completely 
in your image after applying the Motion Blur filter. To bring it back, 
simply re-adjust the sliders by double-clicking directly on the thumbnail 
for the Levels adjustment layer in the Layers palette:

Photoshop Rain Effect: Bring back the Levels dialog box by double-clicking 
on its thumbnail in the Layers palette.

This brings back the Levels dialog box, and since we're using an adjustment 
layer, we can go back to re-adjust the sliders as often as we want without 
damaging our image. You'll probably need to drag the black slider back a
little towards the left in order to bring your noise back into view, and you 
may want to drag the white slider a bit more to the left as well to add more contrast:

Photoshop Rain Effect: Drag both the black and white sliders more towards 
the left to bring the noise back into view in the image.

Again, you can use the screenshot above as a guide, but you're better off 
experimenting with the sliders while keeping an eye on your image. Once 
you've managed to bring the noise back, click OK to again exit out of the 
dialog box. Your image should now look something like this:

Photoshop Rain Effect: The motion blurred noise is now visible in the image.

If you look closely along the top and bottom edges of the image, you'll see 
that things look a little strange, and that's because of the problem I mentioned 
at the beginning of the tutorial with the Motion Blur filter having trouble 
around edges. No worries though because we added extra space around 
the edges, so none of that problem area is going to affect our photo.
In fact, we'll be cropping it away in the very next step.

Step 11: Crop Away The Extra Canvas Space

Now that we've applied our Motion Blur filter, we can crop away the 
extra canvas space we added earlier. To do that, right-click (Win) /  
Control-click (Mac) directly on the thumbnail for "Layer 1" in the Layers 
palette:

Photoshop Rain Effect: "Right-click" (Win) / "Control-click" (Mac) 
on Layer 1's thumbnail in the Layers palette.

Layer 1 is the copy of our Background layer and it contains our original 
image before we added the extra canvas space. When you right-click (Win) or 
Control-click (Mac) on its thumbnail, you'll see a selection appear inside 
the document which is the exact size of our original image:

Photoshop Rain Effect: A selection appears inside the document.

All we need to now is go up to the Image menu at the top of the screen and 
select Crop. Photoshop will crop the image around the selection, removing 
the extra canvas space and bringing our image back to the size it was when 
we started.

Once you've cropped the image, press Ctrl+D (Win) / Command+D (Mac) 
to remove the selection from the screen.

Step 12: Change The Blend Mode Of The Noise Layer To "Screen"

We're almost done. The only problem remaining is that the noise layer is 
still blocking our original image from view. To blend it in with the image 
and give us our rain effect, all we need to do is change the noise layer's 
 blend mode. Select the noise layer ("Layer 2") in the Layers palette. 
Then go up to the top left corner of the Layers palette, click on the 
down-pointing arrow to the right of the word "Normal", which is the default 
blend mode, and select Screen from the list:

Photoshop Rain Effect: Change the blend mode of the noise layer 
from "Normal" to "Screen".

As soon as you change the blend mode, the original photo becomes 
visible in the document and our motion-blurred noise becomes the rain!

If you want to fine-tune the rain effect, simply double-click once again 
on the Levels adjustment layer's thumbnail in the Layers palette to 
bring back the Levels dialog box and re-adjust the black and white 
sliders until you're happy with the rain effect. Click OK when you're 
done to exit out of it.

Here, once again, is my original image for comparison:

Photoshop Rain Effect: The original image for comparison.

And here is my final rain effect:

Photoshop Rain Effect: The final effect.

And that's how to add rain to a photo in Photoshop and avoid damaging your camera!